Multi-Pathway Satellite Communication Systems and Methods

ABSTRACT

Systems and methods for controlling satellites are provided. In one example embodiment, a computing system can obtain a request for image data. The request can be associated with a priority for acquiring the image data. The computing system can determine an availability of a plurality of satellites to acquire the image data based at least in part on the request. The computing system can select from among a plurality of communication pathways to transmit an image acquisition command to a satellite based at least in part on the request priority. The plurality of communication pathways can include a communication pathway via which the image acquisition command is indirectly communicated to the satellite via a geostationary satellite. The computing system can send the image acquisition command to the selected satellite via the selected communication pathway.

FIELD

The present disclosure relates generally to facilitating communicationwith a constellation of satellites. More particularly, the presentdisclosure relates to systems and methods for communicating withsatellites to acquire data via, for example, a near real-time,persistent communication pathway.

BACKGROUND

A constellation of imaging satellites can be utilized to acquireimagery. The satellites can be controlled to acquire the imagery by, forexample, a ground-based control center. The control center can uplinkcommands to the satellites and receive imagery via a satellite downlink.

SUMMARY

Aspects and advantages of embodiments of the present disclosure will beset forth in part in the following description, or can be learned fromthe description, or can be learned through practice of the embodiments.

One example embodiment of the present disclosure is directed to acomputer-implemented method for satellite imaging control. The methodincludes obtaining, by a computing system including one or morecomputing devices, a request for image data. The request is associatedwith a priority for acquiring the image data. The method includesdetermining, by the computing system, an availability of a plurality ofsatellites to acquire the image data based at least in part on therequest. The method includes determining, by the computing system, aselected satellite from the plurality of satellites to acquire the imagedata based at least in part on the availability of the selectedsatellite. The method includes determining, by the computing system, aselected communication pathway of a plurality of communication pathwaysto transmit an image acquisition command to the selected satellite basedat least in part on the priority for acquiring the image data. Theplurality of communication pathways includes a first communicationpathway via which the image acquisition command is sent directly to theselected satellite and a second communication pathway via which theimage acquisition command is indirectly communicated to the satellitevia a geostationary satellite. The method includes sending, by thecomputing system, the image acquisition command to the selectedsatellite via the selected communication pathway.

Another example embodiment of the present disclosure is directed to acomputing system. The computing system includes one or more processorsand one or more tangible, non-transitory, computer readable media thatcollectively store instructions that when executed by the one or moreprocessors cause the computing system to perform operations. Theoperations include obtaining a request for image data. The request isassociated with a high priority for acquiring the image data. Theoperations include determining an availability of a plurality ofsatellites to acquire the image data based at least in part on therequest. The operations include determining a selected satellite fromthe plurality of satellites to acquire the image data based at least inpart on the availability of the selected satellite to acquire the imagedata. The operations include determining a selected communicationpathway of a plurality of communication pathways to transmit an imageacquisition command to the selected satellite based at least in part onthe priority for acquiring the image data. The plurality ofcommunication pathways includes a first communication pathway via whichthe image acquisition command is sent directly to the selected satelliteand a second communication pathway via which the image acquisitioncommand is indirectly communicated to the satellite via a geostationarysatellite. The operations include sending the image acquisition commandto the selected satellite via the selected communication pathway.

Yet another example embodiment of the present disclosure is directed toone or more tangible, non-transitory, computer readable media thatcollectively store instructions that when executed by the one or moreprocessors cause the computing system to perform operations. Theoperations include obtaining a request for image data. The request isassociated with a priority for acquiring the image data. The operationsinclude determining an availability of a plurality of satellites toacquire the image data based at least in part on the request. Theoperations include determining a selected satellite from the pluralityof satellites to acquire the image data based at least in part on theavailability of the selected satellite. The operations includedetermining a selected communication pathway of a plurality ofcommunication pathways to transmit an image acquisition command to theselected satellite based at least in part on the priority for acquiringthe image data. The plurality of communication pathways includes an acommunication pathway via which the image acquisition command isindirectly communicated to the satellite via a geostationary satellite.The operations include sending the image acquisition command to theselected satellite via the selected communication pathway.

Other aspects of the present disclosure are directed to various methods,systems, apparatuses, non-transitory computer-readable media, userinterfaces, and electronic devices.

These and other features, aspects, and advantages of various embodimentsof the present disclosure will become better understood with referenceto the following description and appended claims. The accompanyingdrawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of thisspecification, illustrate example embodiments of the present disclosureand, together with the description, serve to explain the relatedprinciples.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Detailed discussion of embodiments directed to one of ordinary skill inthe art is set forth in the specification, which makes reference to theappended figures, in which:

FIG. 1 depicts a block diagram of an example satellite system accordingto example embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 2 depicts a graphical diagram illustrating an example communicationpathway according to example embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 3 depicts a block diagram of satellite hardware according toexample embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 4 depicts a block diagram of example satellite software accordingto example embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 5 depicts a flow diagram of an example method for selectivelycommunicating with and controlling satellites to acquire image dataaccording to example embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 6 depicts example image acquisition tracks according to exampleembodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 7 depicts a flow diagram of an example method for satellite imagingcontrol according to example embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 8 depicts a flow diagram of an example method for satellite controlfor conjunction avoidance according to example embodiments of thepresent disclosure; and

FIG. 9 depicts example system components according to exampleembodiments of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Example aspects of the present disclosure are directed to systems andmethods for persistent, near real-time communication with satellites andthe selection of various communication pathways to efficiently utilizethe resources available for communicating with the satellites. Forinstance, an entity can provide an imaging service by which a user canrequest image data of a particular target (e.g., a geographic area onEarth, another planet, celestial body, portion of the universe, etc.).The request can indicate the location of the target to be imaged and canbe associated with a priority. The priority can indicate, for example,how quickly the user would like to have the image data acquired by asatellite and/or delivered to the user. Based on the request, asatellite command system can determine whether any of the satellitesassociated with the entity (e.g., owned, operated by, leased, accessibleto, etc.) are available to acquire the image data of the specifiedtarget and within the given priority time constraints.

In the event a satellite is available to acquire the requested imagedata, the satellite command system can select a satellite (e.g., LowEarth Orbit (LEO) satellite, a Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) satellite, etc.)to acquire the image data and select an appropriate communicationpathway by which to send an image acquisition command to the selectedsatellite. For example, in the event that the user submits a higherpriority request, the satellite command system can select a near-realtime communication pathway (“RT communication pathway”) via which theimage acquisition command is transmitted indirectly to the selectedsatellite via a relay satellite (e.g., a geostationary satellite). ThisRT communication pathway can allow the command to be communicated to theselected satellite in at least near real-time without any specialpointing requirements (at any time), which may avoid tasking delays. Inthe event that the user submits a lower priority request, the satellitecommand system can select a “standard communication pathway” via whichthe image acquisition command is transmitted directly to the selectedsatellite (e.g., without the use of an intermediate geostationarysatellite). In such a scenario, the standard communication pathway mayrequire certain satellite pointing parameters to transmit the imageacquisition command to the selected satellite (e.g., when the satelliteis within a certain range of a ground command center).

Once the communication pathway is selected, the satellite command systemcan transmit the image acquisition command to the selected satellite viathat communication pathway and eventually receive the requested imagedata (e.g., via satellite downlink). In this way, the technologydescribed herein provides multiple communication pathways forcommunicating with satellite(s). This provides flexibility to utilizecertain pathways based on the priority of the image acquisition.Moreover, by including the RT communication pathway, the systems andmethods of the present disclosure provide a low size, weight, and power(SWaP) persistent communication solution for low data rate applications(e.g., launch and early orbit operations (LEOP), time-critical satellitetasking operations, command acknowledgements, critical status reports,anomaly recovery operations, conjunction assessment and collisionavoidance, etc.), as further described herein.

The systems and methods described herein provide a number of technicaleffects and benefits. For instance, the systems and methods of thepresent disclosure allow for more efficient satellite communicationsthat reduce latency presented by communication methods that includeorbital access/pointing/range requirements toward ground stations foruplink and downlink. Moreover, the communication technology describedherein provides a global communication pathway by which an entity canpersistently command its associated satellites. For example, the beamsprovided by the intermediate satellites can provide coverage over theentire earth and provide access to all target satellites at all times.This can allow for the near real-time adjustments to improve satelliteimage capture, damage mitigation (e.g., collision avoidance, etc.),trajectory correction, interference reduction, etc.

The systems and methods of the present disclosure also provide animprovement to satellite computing technology. For instance, thecomputer-implemented methods and systems improve the ability to controland command satellites (e.g., for the acquisition of data such as, forexample, image data) via a near real-time persistent communicationpathway. For example, a computing system can obtain a request for imagedata. The request can be associated with a priority for acquiring theimage data. The computing system can determine an availability of aplurality of satellites to acquire the image data based at least in parton the request. The computing system can determine a selected satellitefrom the plurality of satellites to acquire the image data based atleast in part on the availability of the selected satellite. Thecomputing system can determine a selected communication pathway of aplurality of communication pathways to transmit an image acquisitioncommand to the selected satellite based at least in part on the priorityfor acquiring the image data. As further described herein, the pluralityof communication pathways includes a first communication pathway viawhich the image acquisition command is directly communicated to theselected satellite (e.g., a standard communication pathway) and a secondcommunication pathway via which the image acquisition command isindirectly communicated to the satellite via a geostationary satellite(e.g., a near real-time persistent communication pathway). The computingsystem can send the image acquisition command to the selected satellitevia the selected communication pathway. In this way, the computingsystem can selectively determine what communication pathway isappropriate given the priority of the request. This can save bandwidthresources of the communication pathways by aligning the pathways withthe appropriate tasking. Moreover, the computing system can utilize thepersistent communication pathway (without specific orbital access orpointing requirements) to transmit data to and receive data from asatellite at all times. This can allow for better communication ofcommands, status reports, avoidance instructions, anomaly recoveryoperations, etc.

With reference now to the FIGS., example embodiments of the presentdisclosure will be discussed in further detail. FIG. 1 depicts a diagramof an example system 100 for controlling imaging satellites. Forexample, the system 100 can include a user device 105, a satellitecommand system 110, geostationary hub system(s) (“GEO hub(s)”) 115,geostationary satellite(s) 120, and a plurality of satellites 125 (e.g.,a constellation of imaging satellites). These components can beconfigured to communicate via one or more networks 130. The userdevice(s) 105 can be associated with a user 135. The satellite commandsystem 110 can be associated with an entity that provides image dataservices and/or controls one or more satellite(s) 125. The GEO hub(s)115, geostationary satellite(s) 120, and/or the satellites 125 can beassociated with the entity and/or a different entity (e.g., that allowsfor the access/use of such assets). Although the use of geostationarysatellite(s) is described in the example embodiments herein, anothertype of relay satellite can be utilized in the systems and methods ofthe present disclosure.

The user device(s) 105 can be desktop computer, laptop computer, mobiledevice, server system, and/or other types of user devices. The userdevice(s) 105 can be configured to allow a user 135 to submit a request140 for acquiring image data. For example, the user device(s) 105 can beconfigured to present one or more user interfaces 145 (e.g., via one ormore display devices) that allow the user 135 to provide user input torequest image data. Data indicative of the user interface(s) 145 can beprovided by a computing system associated with the entity (e.g., thesatellite command system 110, etc.) over the network(s) 130. The userinterface(s) 145 can be presented via a software application, a website,browser, etc. The user 135 can provide user input (e.g., text input,voice input, touch input, selection input, etc.) via the userinterface(s) 145 to select one or more parameters associated with therequested image data. For example, the user input can specify an imagingtarget (e.g., a location, geographic area, building, structure, etc.).The user input can specify the imaging target based on locationinformation (e.g., coordinates, etc.), semantic name, identifier, and/orother information that identifies the target to be imaged. In someimplementations, the user input can specify a time parameter (e.g.,timeframe, point in time, etc.) at which the image data of the target ispreferred to be acquired. In some implementations, the user input canspecify a time parameter (e.g., timeframe, point in time, etc.) by whichthe image data of the target is preferred to be made available to theuser 135 (e.g., delivered, available for download, viewing, etc.).

The request 140 can be associated with a priority 150 for acquiring theimage data. The priority 150 can be a standard priority by which it issufficient for the image data to be acquired in a standard timeframe(e.g., over several hours). As further described herein, a standardpriority can indicate that an associated image acquisition command canbe placed in an imaging schedule/queue as it is received, withoutpreferential treatment. In some implementations, the priority 150 can bean intermediate priority by which the image data is to be acquiredand/or made available to the user 135 sooner than the standardtimeframe. For example, as further described herein, the intermediatepriority can indicate that an associated image acquisition command is tobe given preferential treatment over the other pending requests (e.g.,by moving the associated image acquisition command ahead of previouslypending commands in a schedule/queue, by moving downlink and/or deliverytime ahead in a schedule/queue, etc.). In some implementations, thepriority can be a high priority, which can indicate that the requestedimage data is to be acquired and/or made available in a higher and/orthe highest available rush manner. For example, as further describedherein, a high priority can indicate that an associated imageacquisition command is to be communicated to a satellite (e.g., via aparticular communication pathway) in manner than expedites imageacquisition and delivery.

The priority 150 associated with the request for image data can bedetermined in a variety of manners. In some implementations, the user135 can select the priority 150 associated with the request 140. Forexample, the user interface 145 may include one or more user interfaceelement(s) (e.g., buttons, toggles, menus, lists, fields, etc.) thatallow the user 130 to select the priority 150 (e.g., standard priority,intermediate priority, high priority, etc.) associated with the request140. In some implementations, the ability to select such an element maybe based at least in part on whether the entity can meet the requestwith the selected priority. For example, a computing system associatedwith the entity (e.g., the satellite command system 110) can determinewhether one or more of the plurality of satellites 125 would beavailable to acquire image data of the requested target in the expeditedmanner associated with a high priority request (e.g., based oncurrent/future satellite location, trajectory, memory resources, etc.).In the event that the entity can meet such a prioritized request (e.g.,due to satellite availability), the user interface 145 can present auser interface element and/or other option for selecting a highpriority. In the event that the entity cannot meet such a prioritizedrequest (e.g., due to satellite unavailability), the user interface 145may not present a user interface element and/or other option forselecting a high priority (e.g., greying-out element, omitting elementfrom user interface, etc.).

In some implementations, the priority 150 associated with a request 140can be determined based at least in part on a time parameter associatedwith the request. For example, the priority 150 of the request 140 canbe determined based at least in part on a time by which the user 135specifies that the image data is to be acquired and/or made available.By way of example, in the event that the user 135 specifies that theimage data should be acquired and/or made available in less than onehour, the request 140 can be associated with a high priority. In anotherexample, in the event that the user 135 does not specify that the imagedata should be acquired and/or made available within a certaintimeframe, the request 140 can be associated with a standard priority.Such a determination can be made, for example, by the satellite commandsystem 110 and/or another system.

In some implementations, the priority 150 can be determined based atleast in part on the user 135 and/or type of user 135. For example, inthe event that the user 135 is considered a higher value customer (e.g.,due to a certain subscription, purchase history, contract, etc.), thepriority 150 associated with a request can be determined to be a highpriority. In another example, in the event that the user 135 isassociated with a type of entity that generally needs/prefers expeditedimage data (e.g., an emergency response entity, etc.), the priority 150associated with a request 140 can be determined to be a high priority.Such a determination can be made, for example, by the satellite commandsystem 110 and/or another system.

In some implementations, the priority 150 can be determined based atleast in part on the target (e.g., type of target, location, etc.). Forexample, in event that the type of target may be subject to change at ahigher rate (e.g., an area experiencing a wildfire), the priority 150associated with a request can be determined to be a high priority. Inanother example, in the event that the type of target may be subject tochange at a lower rate (e.g., a park undergoing a long-termreconstruction project), the priority 150 associated with a request 140can be determined to be a high priority. In some implementations, thepriority 150 may be based at least in part on the location of thetarget. For example, the target may include a movable and/or movingobject (e.g., one or more automobiles). The target may be moving suchthat it will be subject to conditions that would make it more difficultto acquire image data of the target (e.g., the automobile(s) that aredriving along a path that enters a tunnel). In such a case, the priority150 associated with a request 140 can be determined to be a highpriority (e.g., so that image data is acquired prior to theautomobile(s) entering the tunnel). Such a determination can be made,for example, by the satellite command system 110 and/or another system.

The satellite command system 110 can be configured to obtain the request140 for the image data from the user device(s) 105 (e.g., via thenetwork(s) 130). The satellite command system 110 can parse the request(e.g., a data set, etc.) to determine the location of the target to beimaged and the time within which the image data is preferred to beacquired and/or made available to the user 135. As described herein,such timing can be determined based at least in part on a priority 150and/or time parameters explicitly provided by the user 135.

The satellite command system 110 can be configured to determine anavailability of the plurality of satellites 125 to acquire the imagedata based at least in part on the request 140. For example, thesatellite command system 110 can obtain data associated with thesatellites 125 (e.g., on a periodic basis, on-demand basis, on ascheduled basis, etc.) and determine whether any of the satellites 125are available to acquire image data of the target within a timeframethat is sufficient for the request 140 (e.g., given the associatedpriority 150). The data associated with the satellites 125 can beindicative of various parameters associated with the satellites 125. Forinstance, the data associated with the satellites 125 can include aschedule indicative of the pending image acquisition commands/sequencesof a given satellite or group of satellites. Additionally, oralternatively, the data associated with satellites 125 can include dataindicative of the past, present, and/or future trajectory of thesatellite(s). Additionally, or alternatively, the data associated withthe satellites can include information associated with the powerresources (e.g., power level, etc.), memory resources (e.g., storageavailability, etc.), communication resources (e.g., bandwidth), etc. ofthe satellite(s). Additionally, or alternatively, the data associatedwith the satellites 125 can include health and maintenance informationassociated with the satellite(s) 125 (e.g., maintenance schedules,damage reports, other status reports, etc.). Additionally, oralternatively, the data associated with the satellites 125 can includedata indicative of the type and/or status of the hardware (e.g.,antenna, communication interfaces, etc.) and/or software onboard asatellite.

The satellite command system 110 can be configured to determine whetherat least one satellite is available to acquire image data in accordancewith the request 140 based at least in part on the data associated withthe satellites 125. For example, the satellite command system 110 candetermine whether a satellite 125 (e.g., with sufficient power, memory,communication resources, etc.) is on a trajectory or can be moved to atrajectory/position that would allow the satellite 125 to acquire imagedata of a target (e.g., an area experiencing a wildfire) within atimeframe that meets the request 140 (e.g., within a timeframeassociated with a high priority request). If so, the satellite commandsystem can determine that a satellite from the plurality of satellites125 is available to acquire the requested image data and can accept therequest. Additionally, or alternatively, the satellite command system110 can determine availability based on the currently scheduled imagingtasks of the satellites and whether such a task can be disturbed. Insome implementations, the satellite command system 110 can provide aconfirmation message to the user 135 (e.g., via the user interface 145).

The satellite command system 110 can be configured to select a satellitefrom the plurality of satellites to acquire the image data based atleast in part on the availability of the satellites 125 to acquire theimage data. For example, in the event that only one satellite isavailable, the satellite command system 110 can select that availablesatellite to acquire the image data of the target. In someimplementations, the satellite command system 110 can select a satellitefrom among a plurality of satellites that are available to acquire theimage data. For example, the satellite command system 110 can perform anoptimization analysis to determine which of the satellites 125 can bechosen to acquire the requested data in an expedited manner whileminimizing the impact (e.g., time delay) on the other pending tasksand/or the satellite itself (e.g., power/memory resources).

The satellite command system 110 can be configured to generate an imageacquisition command 155 for instructing a satellite 125 to acquire imagedata. The image acquisition command 155 can include parameters for asatellite 125 to utilize in order to acquire the requested image data.For example, the image acquisition command 155 can include dataindicative of a location of the target, the order in which theassociated data is to be acquired relative to other imaging tasks, aposition/orientation of the satellite 125, sensor settings (e.g., camerasettings, etc.), and/or other information. In some implementations, asfurther described herein, an image acquisition command 155 can include aplurality of image acquisition tracks that indicate the sequences inwhich a satellite 125 is to acquire image data.

The satellite command system 110 can be configured to transmit imageacquisition commands to the selected satellite via a plurality ofcommunication pathways 200A-200B. For instance, the plurality ofcommunication pathways 200A-B can include a first communication pathway200A. The first communication pathway 200A can include a communicationpathway via which an image acquisition command 155 is sent directly tothe satellite 125. For instance, a signal can be sent from aground-based command center a satellite 125 when the orbital access andpointing/range requirements of that pathway are met (e.g., when thesatellite is in an orbit position to receive a transmission from aground-based command center). The first communication pathway 200A mayallow for larger sizes of data to be transmitted to a satellite 125. Dueto the orbital access and pointing requirements, the first communicationpathway 200A may also have latency drawbacks for uplink and/or downlink.Thus, the first communication pathway 200A may not be a ubiquitous,near-real time communication mechanism for transmitting data to and/orfrom the satellite(s) 125. The first communication pathway 200A may alsobe referred to as the “standard communication pathway 200A”.

The plurality of communication pathways 200A-B can include a secondcommunication pathway 200B. The second communication pathway 200B caninclude a communication pathway via which an image acquisition commandis indirectly communicated to the satellite via a GEO hub 115 and/or ageostationary satellite 120. The GEO hub(s) 115 can be ground stationsoperated by the entities associated with the geostationary satellites120. The geostationary satellites 120 can be satellites that travel atan orbit above the surface of the earth (or other body) and thatgenerally provide line-of-sight coverage of a third of the Earth (orother body). For example, a single geostationary satellite 125 can be ona line of sight with about 40 percent of the earth's surface. Three suchsatellites, each separated by 120 degrees of longitude, can generallyprovide coverage of the entire Earth. This can allow the secondcommunication pathway 200B to provide a near-real time, persistent andubiquitous communication solution for the satellite command system 110to communicate with the satellites 125. The second communication pathway200B may also be referred to as the “RT communication pathway”.

FIG. 2 provides a diagram overview of the RT communication pathway 200B.

For example, the RT communication pathway 200B can include a GEOcommunication infrastructure. One example GEO communicationinfrastructure that can be used to provide a near real-timecommunication solution is Very Small Aperture Terminal (VSAT). This caninclude a two way satellite communication system. For instance, the RTcommunication pathway 200B can include a plurality of geostationarysatellites 120 with architecture for providing global beams such as, forexample, bent-pipe C-band transponders providing global coverage beams.For example, as shown, three geostationary satellites 120 (e.g., withglobal C-band beams) placed 120 degrees apart can provide globalcoverage (e.g., at a 500 km low earth orbit altitude). The bent-pipearchitecture can mirror the uplink channel to a lower frequency downlinkchannel (e.g., 6 GHz to 4 GHz). C-band transponders can be, for example,36 MHz wide, while a maximum global covered latitude can be ±81° forterrestrial stations and ±90° for 500 km to 700 km low earth orbit. Suchan approach can provide global low earth orbit coverage, a deterministiclatency (e.g., ˜10 s), lower cost, and a flexible bent-pipe architecturethat allows for full control of modulation, coding, and encryption. Theinfrastructure of the RT communication pathway 200B (e.g., the GEOhub(s) 115, geostationary satellite(s) 120, etc.) can be associated withone or more other entities (e.g., third party vendors) that aredifferent than the entity associated with the satellite command system110 (e.g., the imaging service provider). In addition to C-band globalbeams, regional and spot beams are available at C, Ku, or Ka band thatprovide effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) and gain over noisetemperature (G/T). By leasing regional beams on multiple GEO satellites(more than 3) global coverage could be achieved at higher data rates.

To establish a network connection for the RT communication pathway 200B,the satellite command system 110 can utilize dedicated bandwidth fromthe geostationary satellites 120 and GEO hub(s) 115. A link can beestablished to a particular satellite 125 (e.g., a LEO satellite, MEOsatellite, etc.) by selecting the corresponding geostationary satellite120 and GEO hub 115. As described herein, the GEO hub(s) 115 can beground stations with communication infrastructure for communication withthe geostationary satellites 120. In some implementations, modems tunedto dedicated frequencies for the entity associated with the satellitecommand system 110 can be housed at the GEO hub(s) 115. The RTcommunication pathway 200B can achieve, for example, a round trip timeof 0.5 seconds up to several seconds to transmit an image acquisitioncommand 155 to a satellite 125.

The RT communication pathway 200B may not require special pointingconstraints for enforcing tasking operations (e.g., transmitting imageacquisition commands). To allow for on-demand, persistent, nearreal-time tasking, a receiver on the satellite 125 may be kept on. Insome implementations, tasking reaction time can be on the order ofminutes depending on the image acquisition command length (e.g., adeterministic quantity). Tasking can be done in an open loop fashion.Tasking data rates can be, for example, on the order of 10 s of bits persecond (bps) without pointing and could go up to 500 bps with pointing(if desired).

The satellite 125 may not communicate (e.g., to the satellite commandsystem 110) an acknowledge message of the receipt of the imageacquisition command 155. This can help to avoid the consistent poweringand positioning (e.g., toward a geostationary satellite 120) of asatellite transmitter. In some implementations, to establish a reverselink for an acknowledgement (if desired), a satellite 125 can turn thetransmitter on and point it towards a geostationary satellite(s) 120 tofollow the same/similar pathway to the satellite command system 110 asthe image acquisition command 155.

Image acquisition commands 155 sent from the satellite command system110 can be transmitted via the network(s) 130 (e.g., an internetnetwork, etc.) to a GEO hub 115. The GEO hub 115 can transform an imageacquisition command 155 to a radio signal. The GEO hub 115 can providefrequency translation, amplification, and retransmission to thegeostationary satellite 120.

The RT communication pathway 200B can allow the system 100 to overcomecertain communication-related issues. For example, to mitigate potentialDoppler problems, the system 100 can utilize a bandwidth expansiontechnique such as, for example, direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS)scheme. Bandwidth expansion can ease carrier synchronization andtracking, ease reference frequency oscillator tolerances, allow theincrease of total transmitted power without violating maximum powerspectral densities (PSD), etc. Moreover, DSSS technique can allow forthe use of the same shared spectrum to communicate with a fleet ofsatellites 125 (e.g., LEO satellites). In another example, uplinktransmissions (e.g., at 6 GHz) can be subject to an angular emissionmask to avoid interference to adjacent geostationary satellites. In someimplementations, assets in the RT communication pathway 200B can use asmall aperture low gain antenna that could illuminate multiplegeostationary satellites. To mitigate this problem, one example solutioncan be to operate with a low power transmitter (1 W) occupying aparticular bandwidth (e.g., 1 MHz bandwidth).

As shown, in the RT communication pathway 200B, the satellite commandsystem 110 can communicate an image acquisition command 155 to a GEO hub115. As further described herein, the GEO hub 115 can communicate theimage acquisition command 155 (e.g., a radio signal translation thereof)to a geostationary satellite 120. The geostationary satellite 120 cancommunicate the image acquisition command 155 to the selected satellite125 that is to acquire the requested image data. In someimplementations, a GEO hub 115 can communicate the image acquisitioncommand 155 to one or more other GEO hubs 115. This can allow the GEOhub(s) 115 to communicate the image acquisition command 155 to thegeostationary satellite 120 that can most effectively transmit the imageacquisition command 155 to the selected satellite 125. For example, ageostationary satellite 120 that is associated with a selected satellite125 (e.g., with the selected satellite in the coverage area, within LOSof the selected satellite 125, etc.) may be the most effectiveintermediary for communicating with that selected satellite 125.

The satellite(s) 125 can be configured to obtain the image acquisitioncommand 155 (e.g., a radio signal translation thereof, etc.) and acquirethe requested image data. The satellite(s) 125 can include hardware thatallows the satellite(s) 125 to obtain data via the RT communicationpathway 200B and/or communicate data via the RT communication pathway200B. For example, with reference to FIG. 3, a satellite 125 can includea subsystem 300 that is designed to interface directly with a satellitepower/data bus 305 (e.g., with minimal hardware and software impact).The subsystem can use the same power and data module (PDM) circuit 310used by other subsystem(s) of the satellite(s) 125. This can include,for example, utilizing a bus voltage (e.g., nominal 28V, range of 22-32V, etc.) and/or data interface (Dual CAN bus, 1 Mbit/s, etc.). Thesubsystem 300 can include a baseband processor (e.g., a microcontroller,CPLD, FPGA, etc.) that is configured to manage antenna functions (e.g.,all the radio functions that require an antenna, etc.).

The subsystem 300 can provide RF interfaces for the transmit (Tx)external antenna 320 and/or receive (Rx) external antenna 325. Asatellite 125 can utilize full-duplex operation, such that the receiveris enabled at all times. The satellite 125 can utilize frequencyseparation f1, f2, etc. (e.g., 6 GHz/4 GHz Tx/Rx frequency separation)for effective isolation between the receiving (Rx) and transmitting (Tx)paths.

The expected power consumption of the subsystem 300 can be, for example:PDM subsystem: 1 W, 100% duty; Baseband processor: 1 W, 100% duty; Rxchain: 1 W, 100%; and Tx chain: 5 W, 1% duty. A link for the RTcommunication pathway 200B can be routed through an EPB of a satellite125. This can be implemented by either piggy backing onto an existingEPB-PDM link and creating a spliced connection and/or modifying the EPB.

A satellite 125 can include antenna(s) that help allow the satellite 125to utilize the RT communication pathway 200A. For instance, a satellite25 can include an omnidirectional antenna that can be configured toclose the link for tasking. Additionally, or alternatively, a satellite125 can include a phased array antenna (e.g., for higher data rates).Two separate antennas can be included for the forward and/or reverselink.

An antenna can be mounted in the z-axis in the zenith pointing(anti-nadir) direction. The mounted antenna can have sufficient gainunder all pointing modes to at least one geostationary satellite 120.

In some implementations, an antenna for use with the RT communicationpathway 200B can include a quadrifilar helix antenna. A quadrifilarhelix antenna has a broad radiation pattern and can provide 0 dBi gainto +−70 degrees. It has very good axial ratio across the entire beam. Insome implementations, more than one receive antenna can be included in asatellite 125 to help ensure that there are no gaps in coverage even atthe extreme off-axis angles (e.g., a multi-input multi-output (MIMO)antenna architecture). A patch antenna or a patch array can be anotheroption (e.g., for a directional beam).

FIG. 4 depicts a block diagram 400 of the onboard satellite softwaremodules that may be utilized in the satellite flight software to supportthe RT communication pathway 200B. To utilize the RT communicationpathway 200B, the satellite flight software can include an executionmodel (e.g., pthread, etc.) to support certain requirements for the RTcommunication pathway 200B, software to support the hardware atranslation layer (e.g., providing a highly efficient packet protocol),a commanding interface to utilize the low bandwidth channel (e.g., 10 sbits/second), an interface to sequence loading, module(s) for attitudecontrol system (ACS) Target tracking, a module for image (IMG) captures,module(s) for emergency commanding, module(s) for real time telemetryfeedback for critical satellite states module(s) for providing theability to change pathway settings autonomously based on position (e.g.,GPS, etc.) and specific geostationary satellite footprint that has thebest line-of-sight (LOS) for the satellite 125, ground packages toencode/decode data transmitted via the RT communication pathway 200B,potentially a module for supporting higher bandwidth in the RTcommunication pathway 200B (e.g., utilizing pointing requirements),and/or other modules.

Since the bandwidth going through the RT communication pathway 200B canbe low, the system 100 can utilize an optimized solution in terms of theamount of bytes required to change an imaging activity. This can beachieved, for example, in the following ways: by providing a highlyoptimized interface to change a sequence with ACS and IMG commands onthe satellite, by providing a highly optimized packet protocol with lowoverhead going over the RT communication pathway 200B, by creating thesmallest common denominator when it comes to changing an imagingactivity, and/or other approaches. In some implementations, sequencesare utilized for image events. The satellite 125 can treat the loadingand activating of a specific sequence id as mutually exclusive in orderto prevent race condition when executing a sequence. This means that asequence can be the lowest common denominator. Additionally, oralternatively, only a part of a schedule that is affected by a highpriority request can be updated. This can include allowing the satellitesoftware to keep loading and activating a specific sequence identifieras mutually exclusive with ground scheduler requirements to allowmultiple imaging activities in one or more sequences.

The RT communication pathway 200B can be associated with varioussecurity-related features. For example, the satellite command system110, the GEO hub(s) 115, the geostationary satellite(s) 120, and/or thesatellite(s) 125 can utilize encryption and authentication of commandsand telemetry, command level (operational, privileged) enforcement,replay protection, periodic key rotation, and/or other securitymechanisms.

FIG. 5 depicts a flow diagram of an example method 500 for selectivelycommunicating with and controlling satellites to acquire image dataaccording to example embodiments of the present disclosure. One or moreportion(s) of the method 600 can be implemented by a computing systemthat includes one or more computing devices such as, for example, thecomputing systems described with reference to the other figures (e.g., asatellite command system 110, a GEO hub 115, a geostationary satellite120, a satellite 125, etc.). Each respective portion of the method 500can be performed by any (or any combination) of one or more computingdevices. Moreover, one or more portion(s) of the method 500 can beimplemented as an algorithm on the hardware components of the device(s)described herein. FIG. 6 depicts elements performed in a particularorder for purposes of illustration and discussion. Those of ordinaryskill in the art, using the disclosures provided herein, will understandthat the elements of any of the methods discussed herein can be adapted,rearranged, expanded, omitted, combined, and/or modified in various wayswithout deviating from the scope of the present disclosure. FIG. 5 isdescribed with reference to elements/terms described with respect toother systems and figures for example illustrated purposes and is notmeant to be limiting. One or more portions of method 500 can beperformed additionally, or alternatively, by other systems.

At (505) and (510), the satellite command system 110 can obtain arequest for image data. At (505), the request can be associated with ahigh priority, which would lend itself to communication via the RTcommunication pathway 200B. To properly handle a request that isemploying the RT communication pathway, such a request can be able tojump the queue or will have a different order management (OM) pathway.As described herein, a user 135 can select a high priority (RTcommunication pathway 200B) for the requested image data via a userinterface 145 (e.g., presenting a browser, etc.). Such a selection wouldinitiate a fast feasibility evaluation by the satellite command system110 (e.g., an order management (OM) system 160, a scheduler system 165,a validation system 170 as shown in FIG. 1), at (515) to (530). Thesatellite command system 100 can check orbital access for the pluralityof satellites 125 (at 515), select an available satellite and check itscurrent schedules (at 520), determine the feasibility of adjusting thecurrent schedule for the request and determining whether continuity ofthe current schedule is appropriate (at 530). The satellite commandsystem 110 can inform the customer if access is available in a highpriority timeframe (e.g., the next TBD minutes). If there is no accesswithin that time, the OM system 160 can recommend an intermediatepriority request (e.g., a request that is given priority within thestandard communication pathway 200A). In addition to feasibility, anupdated priority tiering model can be employed to make sure that if anyother users get “bumped” from their previously scheduled imageacquisition, it is of a sufficiently lower priority. The access andpriority criteria being met, the user 135 can confirm that the user 135wants to make the request.

In some implementations, the satellite command system 110 cancommunicate and/or stored data indicative of a schedule change. Suchdata can be utilized for a variety of purposes. For example, the dataindicative of the schedule change can be utilized for user notificationand expectation management (e.g., with respect to capture/delivertimelines) as well to keep track to support the scheduler in retaskingbumped requests. Additionally, or alternatively, operations/functionsmay utilize the data indicative of the schedule changes for satellitetroubleshooting and/or situational awareness. Additionally, oralternatively, a data pipeline can utilize such data to remain informedof what image data collections to expect, keeping the platform in sync.

At (535), the satellite command system 110 (e.g., the schedule system165) can generate image acquisition commands 155 for a satellite 125.For example, the satellite command system 110 can package the sequencesin the appropriate order to signal to the satellite 125 that it isoverwriting a nominal imaging sequence. The image acquisition command155 can be communicated via the RT communication pathway 200B. Forexample, the determined sequence can be communicated to a GEO hub 115,which in turn can communicate it to an associated geostationarysatellite 120.

As described herein, in some implementations, the satellite 125 may notcommunicate an acknowledgement of the image acquisition command 155.Accordingly, it is possible that the command could fail enroute, sothere may be a period of time where the satellite state is unknown. As aresult, the satellite command system 110 can retain information on boththe collection with the request sent via the RT communication pathway200B and the previously-scheduled collection. These two states can beheld until a confirmation or failure is received from the satellite 125.This could happen, for example, within a few minutes after commandtransmission (e.g., if the command is successfully sent via the RTcommunication pathway 200B) and/or the next time the satellite 125 has aground contact (if the RT command failed).

At (540)-(550), the satellite 125 can acquire image data as instructedvia the RT communication pathway 200B. For example, the satellite 125can obtain the newly generated schedule/sequence, kill/overwrite anyexisting sequences and adjust for the new target (at 540), and acquirethe image data of the target (e.g., via an onboard camera, imagingsystem, etc.), at (545). The satellite 125 can point at a geostationarysatellite 120 to communicate an acknowledgement (via the RTcommunication pathway 200B) that the image date was acquired, at (550).In this way, the user 135 can be notified of an imaging events successor failure (e.g., success known by acknowledgement sent via the RTcommunication pathway 200B, failure known by message sent via the RTcommunication pathway 200B or a lack of an acknowledgment following theimaging event, etc.). In some implementations, the satellite 125 canswitch to an idle mode and wait for the next sequence to start. Forbumped requests, the satellite command system 110 (e.g., the schedulersystem 165, the OM system 160, etc.) can work to re-task the request andinform the bumped user of the change, and the satellite 125 can work toacquire the image data associated with the bumped requests, at (655).

In the event that the image data acquisition is successful (at 660), theimage data acquired by the satellite 125 can be downlinked (e.g., viathe standard communication pathway 200A, at the next ground site, etc.),at (565). A downlink tier can be leveraged to make sure that highpriority image data (e.g., for which a command was sent via the RTcommunication pathway 200B) is the first image data downlinked from thesatellite 125. The user 135 can be notified as soon as the image dataarrives at the satellite command system 110 and/or an another system. Insome implementations, a user 135 can access raw frames to speed up theuser's access to the image data and drive their decisions in real time.Processed image data, when complete, can also be made available to theuser 135. In the event that the image data acquisition is not successful(at 560), the satellite command system 110 can return to its feasibilityanalysis in an attempt to re-start the process.

In the event that the request is not suited for transmission via the RTcommunication pathway 200B (e.g., due to a lower priority, lack offeasibility, etc.), the request can follow the flow provided at (570) to(590). For example, the satellite command system 110 can pull from thepending requests (at 570), down select targets (at 575), and generate anew schedule based at least in part on the request (at 580). An imageacquisition command 155 (e.g., including data indicative of theschedule) can be uplinked to the satellite 125 via the standardcommunication pathway 200A. At (585), the satellite 125 can process theimage acquisition command 155 and acquire the image data of the target(e.g., in accordance with the schedule). At (590), if any high priorityimage data is onboard, the satellite 125 can send an acknowledgement viathe RT communication pathway 200B and downlink such image data first.The satellite 125 can then downlink any lower priority image data (e.g.,via the standard communications pathway 200A), for the successful imageacquisitions.

With reference to FIG. 6, in some implementations, the satellite commandsystem 110 can generate a plurality of image acquisition tracks 600A-Bfor a satellite 125. The plurality of tracks can include a first imageacquisition track 600A and a second image acquisition track 600B. Animage acquisition track 600A-B can include one or more sequences 605(e.g., image acquisition commands). A sequence 605 can include anidentifier, sequence lines (e.g., a line of command, a timestamp, args,etc.), a cyclic redundancy check (CRC), and/or other information. Asequence 705 can be indicative of an imaging activity, a downlinkactivity, or a switch activity. Each sequence 705 can activate the nextsequence in the track that is meant to be run. In some implementations,a satellite 125 can go into a “safe mode” when it is not running asequence.

The sequences 605 of the image acquisition track 600A-B can be uplinkedto the satellite 125. For example, the image acquisition tracks 600A-Bcan be communicated to the satellite 125 via the standard communicationpathway 600A (and/or the RT communication pathway 200B). The sequences605 can be activated by the satellite 125 to begin performing theactivities identified in that associated image acquisition track 600A-B.

The first image acquisition track 600A can be different than the secondimage acquisition track 600B. For example, the first image acquisitiontrack 600A can include sequence number ranges 10001-20000 and the secondimage acquisition track 600B can be 20001-30000. Only one imageacquisition track can be active at a given time. The satellite 125 canswitch between the first and second image acquisition tracks 600A-B. Forinstance, an image acquisition track (e.g., the first image acquisitiontrack 600A) can include a sequence that indicates a switch activity(shown as a “*” in FIG. 6). Upon activation of that sequence, thesatellite 125 can switch to begin executing the sequences in anotherimage acquisition track (e.g., the second image acquisition track 600B).This provides the ability to store a schedule onboard, and load analternative schedule to the inactive track, and switch at the mostopportune moment.

The following is an end-to-end example implementing a plurality of imageacquisition tracks 600A-B for a satellite 125. A user 135 can submit arequest 140 for the acquisition of image data. The priority 150associated with the request 140 can be a high priority. The satellitecommand system 110 can generate an image acquisition track based atleast in part on the request 140. For example, the satellite commandsystem 110 (e.g., a track scheduling system 175 shown in FIG. 1) cananalyze the existing schedule from a currently active track, make a copyof it, and insert the newly desired imaging activity based on thepriority of this request and the other pending requests. In someimplementations, a scheduling solution can include replacing all imagingbetween two switch activities with the imaging of the targets taskedusing the RT communication pathway 600B. In some implementations, ascheduling solution can include having the satellite 125 acquire imagedata as well as possible (taking into account priorities etc.) betweentwo switch activities, while including the tasked target. In someimplementations, a scheduling solution can include having the satellite125 acquire image data as well as possible while ensuring that the RTtarget is tasked while minimizing the impact on existing tasks so thatcurrent schedules are not impacted. Once the image acquisition track isgenerated, it can be checked by the validation system 170 (e.g., so asnot to violate any constraints). The image acquisition track can be sentto satellite 125 (e.g., via the standard communications pathway 600Aand/or the RT communication pathway 600B).

In some implementations, the satellite command system 110 can predictthat a request may become a high priority request at a later time andgenerate a plurality of image acquisition tracks accordingly. Forinstance, a user 135 can submit a request 140 that does not indicate apriority 150 and/or indicates an intermediate or standard priority. Thesatellite command system 110 can be configured to determine that thepriority 150 associated with the request 150 may potentially change to ahigh priority request. Such a determination can be made, for example,based on the user 135, the target, the target's locations, etc.

The satellite command system 110 can generate a plurality of imageacquisition tracks to handle the potentially high priority request. Forexample, the satellite command system 110 can generate a first imageacquisition track 600A that includes an image acquisition sequenceassociated with acquiring the requested image data. The first imageacquisition track 600A can place an associated imaging activity sequencefor the request in a manner for an intermediate or standard priority.The satellite command system 110 can generate a second image acquisitiontrack 600B that includes an image acquisition sequence associated withacquiring the requested image data. The image acquisition sequence ofthe second image acquisition track 600B can be afforded a higherpriority than in the first image acquisition track 600A. For example,the image acquisition sequence can be positioned in the second imageacquisition in a position of higher priority ahead of other pendingrequests than is done in the first image acquisition track 600A. Thiscan be a placement that is in accordance with a request that would beaddressed via the RT communication pathway 200B. The satellite commandsystem 110 can communicate data indicative of the first imageacquisition track 600A and the second image acquisition track 600B tothe satellite via the standard communication pathway 200A. The satellite125 can active the first image acquisition track 600A.

In the event that the priority of the request changes (e.g., to a highpriority), the satellite command system 110 can generate an imageacquisition command 155 to cause the satellite 125 to switch from thefirst image acquisition track 600A to the second image acquisition track600B. Such a command can be communicated to the satellite 125 via the RTcommunication pathway 200B. The satellite 125 can obtain the imageacquisition command 155 indicative of the switching activity. Thesatellite 125 can switch from the first image acquisition track 600A tothe second image acquisition track 600B based at least in part on theimage acquisition command 155 indicative of the switching activity. Thiscan allow the satellite 125 to implement the image acquisition sequenceassociated with the acquisition of the requested data sooner than underthe first image acquisition sequence 600A. The image data can bedownlinked (e.g., via the standard communication pathway 200A) afterimage acquisition and the image data can be made available to the user135 (e.g., for download, preview, viewing, etc.).

The track-scheduling system 175 (shown in FIG. 1) can utilize at least aportion of the codebase of the scheduler system 165. Thetrack-scheduling system 175 can be configured to run with a smallerscope (e.g., of one satellite, etc.), one or more targets, and for ashorter duration (less than the orbital period). The scheduling system165 and the track-scheduling system 175 can generate different imageacquisition tracks. For example, the schedule system 165 (e.g., the morerobust scheduler) can generate the first image acquisition track 600Aand the track-scheduling system 175 (e.g., the leaner scheduler) cangenerate the second image acquisition track 600B.

FIG. 7 depicts a flow diagram of an example method 700 for satelliteimaging control according to example embodiments of the presentdisclosure. One or more portion(s) of the method 700 can be implementedby a computing system that includes one or more computing devices suchas, for example, the computing systems described with reference to theother figures (e.g., a satellite command system 110, etc.). Eachrespective portion of the method 700 can be performed by any (or anycombination) of one or more computing devices. Moreover, one or moreportion(s) of the method 800 can be implemented as an algorithm on thehardware components of the device(s) described herein, for example, tocontrol satellites to acquire and downlink image data. FIG. 7 depictselements performed in a particular order for purposes of illustrationand discussion. Those of ordinary skill in the art, using thedisclosures provided herein, will understand that the elements of any ofthe methods discussed herein can be adapted, rearranged, expanded,omitted, combined, and/or modified in various ways without deviatingfrom the scope of the present disclosure. FIG. 7 is described withreference to elements/terms described with respect to other systems andfigures for example illustrated purposes and is not meant to belimiting. One or more portions of method 700 can be performedadditionally, or alternatively, by other systems.

At (705), the method 700 can include obtaining a request for image data.For instance, the satellite command system 110 can obtain a request 140for image data. As described herein, the request 140 can be submittedvia a user device 105 that presents a user interface 145 for creatingthe request 140. The request 140 can be associated with a priority 150for acquiring the image data. The priority can be specified by a user130 and/or determined by the satellite command system 110, as describedherein. The priority 150 can include, for example, a standard priority,an intermediate priority (e.g., a request to be scheduled ahead ofstandard requests), or a high priority (e.g., a request to be given asuper priority that can initiate the utilization of a dedicatedcommunication pathway).

At (710), the method 700 can include determining an availability of aplurality of satellites to acquire the image data. For instance, thesatellite command system 110 can determine an availability of aplurality of satellites 125 to acquire the image data based at least inpart on the request 140. By way of example, the satellite command system110 can obtain and analyze data associated with the satellites 125 todetermine if any would be available to acquire image data of therequested target within a timeframe that is sufficient for the request140. As described herein, this can be based at least in part on thestate of a satellite 125 (e.g., its available power resources, memoryresources, current schedule, etc.), a trajectory of a satellite 125,and/or the other pending requests (e.g., can they be bumped and to whatdegree for this request).

At (715), the method 700 can include determining a selected satellitefrom the plurality of satellites to acquire the image data. Forinstance, the satellite command system 110 can determine a selectedsatellite from the plurality of satellites 125 to acquire the image databased at least in part on the availability of the selected satellite toacquire the image data. By way of example, the satellite command system110 can run an optimization algorithm to determine which satellite canacquire the requested image data with the lowest impact on the currentpending requests and/or the satellite itself/fleet.

At (720), the method 700 can include determining a selectedcommunication pathway to transmit an image acquisition command to theselected satellite. For instance, the satellite command system 110 candetermine a selected communication pathway of a plurality ofcommunication pathways 200A-B to transmit an image acquisition command155 to the selected satellite based at least in part on the priority 150for acquiring the image data. As described herein, the plurality ofcommunication pathways can include a first communication pathway 200Avia which the image acquisition command 155 is sent directly to theselected satellite (e.g., the standard communication pathway). Theplurality of communication pathways can include a second communicationpathway 200B via which the image acquisition command 155 is indirectlycommunicated to the selected satellite via a geostationary satellite(e.g., the RT communication pathway).

By way of example, the priority 150 for acquiring the image data can beindicative of a high priority. In response, the satellite command system110 can determine that the selected communication pathway is the secondcommunication pathway via which the image acquisition command isindirectly communicated to the selected satellite via a geostationarysatellite 120. As described herein, this RT communication pathway canprovide a near real-time persistent communication pathway that can allowfor expediting the acquisition of the image data. In another example,the priority 150 for acquiring the image data is not indicative of ahigh priority. In response, the satellite command system 110 candetermine that the selected communication pathway is the firstcommunication pathway via which the image acquisition command is sentdirectly to the selected satellite 125. As described herein, thisstandard communication pathway may include some delays due to pointingrequirements for data transmission and, thus, may be appropriate forlower priority requests.

At (725), the method 700 can include sending the image acquisitioncommand to the selected satellite via the selected communicationpathway. For instance, the satellite command system 110 can send theimage acquisition command 155 to the selected satellite via the selectedcommunication pathway (e.g., the second communication pathway). In someimplementations, the satellite command system 110 may not receive anacknowledgement of the receipt of the image acquisition command 115 bythe selected satellite via the selected communication pathway (e.g., thesecond communication pathway).

At (730), the method 700 can include obtaining an acknowledgement thatthe selected satellite has acquired the image data. The selectedsatellite 125 can be configured to acquire the image data based at leastin part on the image acquisition command 155. For example, the selectedsatellite can be configured to obtain the image acquisition command 115,and to adjust the selected satellite and acquire the image data based atleast in part on the image acquisition command 155. This can includeadjusting the position, orientation, etc. of the selected satellite 125to acquire the image data.

In some implementations, the satellite can be configured to adjust anonboard imaging schedule based at least in part on the image acquisitioncommand. For instance, the satellite command system 110 can determinethat that the priority for acquiring the image data is a potentiallyhigh priority (e.g., indicating that a request may become a highpriority at a later time). Such a determination can be based at least inpart on the user 135, the target, etc. The satellite command system 110can generate a first image acquisition track 700A that includes an imageacquisition sequence associated with acquiring the image data. Thesatellite command system 110 can generate a second image acquisitiontrack 700B (that is different than the first image acquisition track600A). The second image acquisition track 700B can include an imageacquisition sequence associated with acquiring the image data. The imageacquisition sequence can be afforded a higher priority in the secondimage acquisition track 700B than in the first image acquisition track600A, as described herein. The satellite command system 110 cancommunicate data indicative of the first image acquisition track 600Aand the second image acquisition track 600B to the selected satellite125.

The satellite command system 110 can determine that the priority 150associated with acquiring the image data is a high priority (e.g., at alater time). The satellite command system 110 can communicate an imageacquisition command to the satellite 125 based at least in part on thedetermination that the priority 150 is a high priority. The imageacquisition command can be indicative of a command for the selectedsatellite to switch from the first image acquisition track 600A to thesecond image acquisition track 600B. The selected satellite can beconfigured to switch to from the first image acquisition track 600A tothe second image acquisition track 600B and acquire the image data inaccordance with the second image acquisition track 600B (e.g., so thatthe requested image data is acquired sooner).

At (735), the method 700 can include obtaining the image data acquiredby the selected satellite. For instance, the satellite 125 can beconfigured to downlink the acquired image data to the satellite commandsystem 110. The image data can be communicated via the firstcommunication pathway (e.g., the standard communication pathway) and/orthe RT communication pathway. The satellite command system 110 canobtain the image data acquired by the selected satellite 125 via thefirst communication pathway.

At (740), the method can include making the image data available to auser. For instance, the satellite command system 110 can make the imagedata available to a user 135. This can include, for example,communication the image data (e.g., a raw version, a processed version,etc.) to a user device 105, provide the image data for display via auser interface for viewing by the user, providing access to the imagedata for download, preview, etc.

While FIG. 7 describes the communication of image acquisition commandsvia a selected communication pathway, the present disclosure is notlimited to such an embodiment. The command(s) communicated via theselected communication pathway can include other data and/orinformation. For instance, the command(s) can also, or alternatively,include data and/or information related to launch and early orbitoperations (commissioning) commands, anomaly recovery operations, downlinking high importance information (e.g., image tiles, critical systemstatus (heath information), GPS radio sample data, etc.), radio ranging(e.g., as the path is deterministic/the relays are fixed and can be usedto calculate ranging just as ground originated signals).

In some implementations, the systems and methods described herein can beutilized for conjunction avoidance and/or other short notice satelliteorbit maneuvers. For instance, FIG. 8 depicts a flow diagram of anexample method 800 for satellite control according to exampleembodiments of the present disclosure. In particular, the method 800 canbe utilized for real-time satellite conjunction avoidance and/or othershort term maneuver control. One or more portion(s) of the method 800can be implemented by a computing system that includes one or morecomputing devices such as, for example, the computing systems describedherein with reference to the other figures (e.g., a satellite commandsystem 110, etc.). Each respective portion of the method 800 can beperformed by any (or any combination) of one or more computing devices.Moreover, one or more portion(s) of the method 800 can be implemented asan algorithm on the hardware components of the device(s) describedherein, for example, to control satellites (e.g., for conjunctionavoidance). FIG. 8 depicts elements performed in a particular order forpurposes of illustration and discussion. Those of ordinary skill in theart, using the disclosures provided herein, will understand that theelements of any of the methods discussed herein can be adapted,rearranged, expanded, omitted, combined, and/or modified in various wayswithout deviating from the scope of the present disclosure. FIG. 8 isdescribed with reference to elements/terms described with respect toother systems and figures for example illustrated purposes and is notmeant to be limiting. One or more portions of method 800 can beperformed additionally, or alternatively, by other systems.

At (805), the method 800 can include obtaining position data for one ormore satellites. For instance, the satellite command system 110 canobtain position data that is indicative of one or more past positions,one or more current positions, and/or one or more future positions ofone or more satelittes. The positions can be described as a positionalong an orbit/trajectory, coordinate, radial position, positionrelative to the earth/portion of the earth/base station/other referencepoint, and/or in another form that is indicative of satellite'sposition/location. The future position(s) of the satellite can beexpressed as a projected/predicted position and/or a future satellitetrajectory.

The satellite command system 110 can obtain satellite environmentaldata. The satellite environmental data can include, for example, dataindicative of one or more other objects within space and/or thesurrounding environment of the satellite. This can include otherhardware/equipment orbiting the earth, other objects traveling in space(e.g., natural and artificial space debris, meteor, etc.), satellites ofanother entity, etc. The satellite environmental data can be indicativeof the past, current, and/or future position(s) of these object(s). Suchdata can be acquired via monitoring equipment orbiting the earth and/orfrom a ground-based system/database that stores such information.

At (810), the method 800 can include determining a potential conjunctionassociated with the satellite(s). For instance, the satellite commandsystem 110 (and/or another system in communication therewith) candetermine that a first satellite may experience a potential conjunctionwith another object (e.g., another satellite, natural/artificial debris,equipment, etc.) based at least in part on the position data and/or thesatellite environmental data. By way of example, the satellite commandsystem 110 can use the position data and/or satellite environmental datato determine that the trajectories of the first satellite and anotherobject may intersect.

At (815), the method 800 can include determining a conjunctionremediation action. For instance, the satellite command 110 candetermine a conjunction remediation action to prevent the potentialconjunction associated with the satellite(s). By way of example, theconjunction remediation action can include a maneuver that can beperformed by the first satellite in order for the satellite tore-position/alter (at least temporarily) its trajectory to avoidintersecting and/or colliding with another object (e.g., debris, asecond satellite, etc.). The satellite can include one or more units(e.g., propulsion systems) by which the first satellite can alter itsposition (in response to the command). Additionally, or alternatively,the conjunction remediation action can include the re-positioning of theobject that may be involved in the potential conjunction (e.g., asatellite command for the second satellite and/or orbiting equipment).

At (820), the method 800 can include determining a selectedcommunication pathway to transmit a conjunction remediation actioncommand to the satellite(s). For instance the satellite command system110 can include determining a selected communication pathway to transmita command indicative of the conjunction remediation action to the firstsatellite. By way of example, the satellite command system 110 candetermine a selected communication pathway of a plurality ofcommunication pathways 200A-B to transmit the conjunction remediationaction command to the first satellite based at least in part on apriority of the command. As described herein, the plurality ofcommunication pathways can include a first communication pathway 200Avia which the image acquisition command 155 is sent directly to theselected satellite (e.g., the standard communication pathway). Theplurality of communication pathways can include a second communicationpathway 200B via which the conjunction remediation action command isindirectly communicated to the selected satellite via a geostationarysatellite (e.g., the RT communication pathway). The conjunctionremediation action command can be considered of high priority due to thenature of the conjunction avoidance. In response, the satellite commandsystem 110 can determine that the selected communication pathway is thesecond communication pathway via which the conjunction remediationaction command is indirectly communicated to the selected satellite viaa geostationary satellite 120. As described herein, this RTcommunication pathway can provide a near real-time persistentcommunication pathway that can allow for expediting the command andimplementation of the conjunction remediation action.

In some implementations, at (825), the method 800 can include obtainingan acknowledgement that the selected satellite has received the command.For example, the satellite command system 110 can obtain anacknowledgement that the first satellite has received the command. Theacknowledgment can include, for example, data that communicated to thesatellite command system 110 via the RT communications pathway. In someimplementations, no such acknowledgment may be sent.

At (830), the method 800 can include determining that the conjunctionremediation action has been implemented by satellite(s). For instance,the satellite command system 110 can determine that the conjunctionremediation action has been implemented by the first satellite to avoidthe potential conjunction (e.g., collision with debris, etc.). Thisdetermination can be based at least in part on updated position dataand/or satellite environmental data. The satellite command system 110can confirm that the first satellite has implemented the conjunctionremediation action by determining that the first satellite (and/oranother object) has altered its position and/or trajectory based atleast in part on the updated position data (and/or updated satelliteenvironmental data).

At (835), the method 800 can include confirming that the potentialconjunction has been avoided. For instance, the satellite command system110 can confirm that the potential conjunction has been avoided based atleast in part on the updated position data and/or satelliteenvironmental data. By way of example, the satellite command system 110can determined that the first satellite and an object with which it maypotentially have collided with have passed one another withoutconjunction.

FIG. 9 depicts an example computing system 900 that can be used toimplement the methods and systems according to example aspects of thepresent disclosure. The system 900 can include computing system 905 andsatellite 955, which can communicate with one another using transmissionsignals 910 (e.g., radio frequency transmissions). The system 900 can beimplemented using a client-server architecture and/or other suitablearchitectures.

The computing system 905 can correspond to any of the system describedherein (e.g., satellite command system 110, GEO hub 115, etc.).Computing system 905 can include one or more computing device(s) 915.Computing device(s) 915 can include one or more processor(s) 920 and oneor more memory device(s) 925. Computing device(s) 915 can also include acommunication interface 940 used to communicate with satellite 950and/or another computing system/device. Communication interface 940 caninclude any suitable components for communicating with satellite 950and/or another system/device, including for example, transmitters,receivers, ports, controllers, antennas, or other suitable components.

Processor(s) 920 can include any suitable processing device, such as amicroprocessor, microcontroller, integrated circuit, logic device, orother suitable processing device. Memory device(s) 925 can include oneor more computer-readable media, including, but not limited to,non-transitory computer-readable media, RAM, ROM, hard drives, flashdrives, or other memory devices. Memory device(s) 925 can storeinformation accessible by processor(s) 920, including computer-readableinstructions 930 that can be executed by processor(s) 920. Instructions930 can be any set of instructions that when executed by processor(s)920, cause one or more processor(s) 920 to perform operations. Forinstance, execution of instructions 930 can cause processor(s) 920 toperform any of the operations and/or functions for which computingdevice(s) 915 and/or computing system 905 are configured (e.g., such asthe functions of the satellite command system 110, the user device 135,the GEO hub 115, etc.). In some implementations, execution ofinstructions 930 can cause processor(s) 920 to perform, at least aportion of, methods 600 and/or 800 according to example embodiments ofthe present disclosure.

As shown in FIG. 9, memory device(s) 925 can also store data 935 thatcan be retrieved, manipulated, created, or stored by processor(s) 920.Data 935 can include, for instance, any other data and/or informationdescribed herein. Data 935 can be stored in one or more database(s). Theone or more database(s) can be connected to computing device(s) 915 by ahigh bandwidth LAN or WAN, or can also be connected to computingdevice(s) 915 through various other suitable networks. The one or moredatabases can be split up so that they are located in multiple locales.

Computing system 905 can exchange data with satellite 950 using signals910. Although one satellite 950 is illustrated in FIG. 9, any number ofsatellites can be configured to communicate with the computing system905. In some implementations, satellite 950 can be associated with anysuitable type of satellite system, including satellites,mini-satellites, micro-satellites, nano-satellites, etc. Satellite 950can correspond to any of the satellites described herein (e.g.,geostationary satellite 120, satellite 125, etc.).

Satellite 950 can include computing device(s) 955, which can include oneor more processor(s) 960 and one or more memory device(s) 960.Processor(s) 960 can include one or more central processing units(CPUs), graphical processing units (GPUs), and/or other types ofprocessors. Memory device(s) 965 can include one or morecomputer-readable media and can store information accessible byprocessor(s) 960, including instructions 970 that can be executed byprocessor(s) 960. For instance, memory device(s) 965 can storeinstructions 970 for implementing a command receive and image collectfor capture image data; storing image data, commands, tracks, etc.;transmitting the image data to a remote computing device (e.g.,computing system 905). In some implementations, execution ofinstructions 965 can cause processor(s) 960 to perform any of theoperations and/or functions for which satellite 125 and/or geostationarysatellite 120 is configured. In some implementations, execution ofinstructions 970 can cause processor(s) 960 to perform, at least aportion of, method 600 and/or 800.

Memory device(s) 965 can also store data 975 that can be retrieved,manipulated, created, or stored by processor(s) 960. Data 975 caninclude, for instance, image acquisition commands, tracks, sequences,position data, data associated with the satellite, image data, and/orany other data and/or information described herein. Data 975 can bestored in one or more database(s). The one or more database(s) can beconnected to computing device(s) 955 by a high bandwidth LAN or WAN, orcan also be connected to computing device(s) 955 through various othersuitable networks. The one or more database(s) can be split up so thatthey are located in multiple locales.

Satellite 950 can also include a communication interface 980 used tocommunicate with one or more remote computing device(s) (e.g., computingsystem 905, geostationary satellite(s), etc.) using signals 910.Communication interface 980 can include any suitable components forinterfacing with one or more remote computing device(s), including forexample, transmitters, receivers, ports, controllers, antennas, or othersuitable components.

In some implementations, one or more aspect(s) of communication amongthe components of system 900 can involve communication through anetwork. In such implementations, the network can be any type ofcommunications network, such as a local area network (e.g. intranet),wide area network (e.g. Internet), cellular network, or some combinationthereof. The network can also include a direct connection, for instance,between one or more of the components. In general, communication throughthe network can be carried via a network interface using any type ofwired and/or wireless connection, using a variety of communicationprotocols (e.g. TCP/IP, HTTP, SMTP, FTP), encodings or formats (e.g.HTML, XML), and/or protection schemes (e.g. VPN, secure HTTP, SSL).

The technology discussed herein makes reference to servers, databases,software applications, and other computer-based systems, as well asactions taken and information sent to and from such systems. One ofordinary skill in the art will recognize that the inherent flexibilityof computer-based systems allows for a great variety of possibleconfigurations, combinations, and divisions of tasks and functionalitybetween and among components. For instance, server processes discussedherein can be implemented using a single server or multiple serversworking in combination. Databases and applications can be implemented ona single system or distributed across multiple systems. Distributedcomponents can operate sequentially or in parallel.

Furthermore, computing tasks discussed herein as being performed at aserver can instead be performed at a user device. Likewise, computingtasks discussed herein as being performed at the user device can insteadbe performed at the server.

While the present subject matter has been described in detail withrespect to specific example embodiments and methods thereof, it will beappreciated that those skilled in the art, upon attaining anunderstanding of the foregoing can readily produce alterations to,variations of, and equivalents to such embodiments. Accordingly, thescope of the present disclosure is by way of example rather than by wayof limitation, and the subject disclosure does not preclude inclusion ofsuch modifications, variations and/or additions to the present subjectmatter as would be readily apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art.

1. A computer-implemented method for satellite imaging control, themethod comprising: obtaining, by a computing system comprising one ormore computing devices, a request for image data, wherein the request isassociated with a priority for acquiring the image data; determining, bythe computing system, an availability of a plurality of satellites toacquire the image data based at least in part on the request;determining, by the computing system, a selected satellite from theplurality of satellites to acquire the image data based at least in parton the availability of the selected satellite; determining, by thecomputing system, a selected communication pathway of a plurality ofcommunication pathways to transmit an image acquisition command to theselected satellite based at least in part on the priority for acquiringthe image data, wherein the plurality of communication pathwayscomprises a first communication pathway via which the image acquisitioncommand is sent directly to the selected satellite and a secondcommunication pathway via which the image acquisition command isindirectly communicated to the satellite via a geostationary satellite,wherein the second communication pathway is the selected communicationpathway when the priority for acquiring the image data is indicative ofa high priority and wherein the first communication pathway is theselected communication pathway when the priority for acquiring the imagedata is not indicative of a high priority; and sending, by the computingsystem, the image acquisition command to the selected satellite via theselected communication pathway.
 2. The computer-implemented method ofclaim 1, wherein the priority for acquiring the image data is indicativeof a high priority, and wherein the selected communication pathway isthe second communication pathway.
 3. The computer-implemented method ofclaim 1, wherein the computing system does not receive anacknowledgement of the receipt of the image acquisition command by theselected satellite via the selected communication pathway.
 4. Thecomputer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the selected satelliteis configured to acquire the image data based at least in part on theimage acquisition command.
 5. The computer-implemented method of claim1, wherein the selected satellite is configured to obtain the imageacquisition command, and to adjust the selected satellite and acquirethe image data based at least in part on the image acquisition command.6. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:obtaining, by the computing system, an acknowledgement via the selectedcommunication pathway that the selected satellite has acquired the imagedata.
 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:obtaining, by the computing system, the image data acquired by theselected satellite via the first communication pathway.
 8. Thecomputer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the priority foracquiring the image data is not indicative of a high priority, andwherein the selected communication pathway is the first communicationpathway.
 9. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, furthercomprising: generating, by the computing system, a first imageacquisition track that includes an image acquisition sequence associatedwith acquiring the image data; and generating, by the computing system,a second image acquisition track that includes the image acquisitionsequence associated with acquiring the image data, wherein the imageacquisition sequence is afforded a higher priority in the second imageacquisition track than in the first image acquisition track.
 10. Thecomputer-implemented method of claim 9, further comprising:communicating, by the computing system, data indicative of the firstimage acquisition track and the second image acquisition track to theselected satellite.
 11. The computer-implemented method of claim 10,further comprising: determining, by the computing system, that thepriority associated with acquiring the image data is a high priority.12. The computer-implemented method of claim 11, wherein the highpriority is based at least in part on at least one of a user associatedwith the request or the target associated with the request.
 13. Thecomputer-implemented method of claim 12, wherein the selectedcommunication pathway is the second communication pathway via which theimage acquisition command is indirectly communicated to the satellitevia a geostationary satellite, and wherein the image acquisition commandis indicative of a command for the selected satellite to switch from thefirst image acquisition track to the second image acquisition track. 14.The computer-implemented method of claim 13, wherein the selectedsatellite is configured to switch from the first image acquisition trackto the second image acquisition track and acquire the image data inaccordance with the second image acquisition track.
 15. A computingsystem comprising: one or more processors; and one or more tangible,non-transitory, computer readable media that collectively storeinstructions that when executed by the one or more processors cause thecomputing system to perform operations comprising: obtaining a requestfor image data, wherein the request is associated with a high priorityfor acquiring the image data; determining an availability of a pluralityof satellites to acquire the image data based at least in part on therequest; determining a selected satellite from the plurality ofsatellites to acquire the image data based at least in part on theavailability of the selected satellite to acquire the image data;determining a selected communication pathway of a plurality ofcommunication pathways to transmit an image acquisition command to theselected satellite based at least in part on the priority for acquiringthe image data, wherein the plurality of communication pathwayscomprises a first communication pathway via which the image acquisitioncommand is sent directly to the selected satellite and a secondcommunication pathway via which the image acquisition command isindirectly communicated to the satellite via a geostationary satellitewherein the second communication pathway is the selected communicationpathway when the priority for acquiring the image data is indicative ofa high priority and wherein the first communication pathway is theselected communication pathway when the priority for acquiring the imagedata is not indicative of a high priority; and sending the imageacquisition command to the selected satellite via the selectedcommunication pathway.
 16. The computing system of claim 15, wherein theselected communication pathway is the second communication pathway. 17.The computing system of claim 15, further comprising: generating, by thecomputing system, a first image acquisition track that includes an imageacquisition sequence associated with acquiring the image data; andgenerating, by the computing system, a second image acquisition trackthat includes the image acquisition sequence associated with acquiringthe image data, wherein the image acquisition sequence is afforded ahigher priority in the second image acquisition track than in the firstimage acquisition track.
 18. The computing system of claim 17, furthercomprising: communicating, by the computing system, data indicative ofthe first image acquisition track and the second image acquisition trackto the selected satellite.
 19. The computing system of claim 15, furthercomprising: obtaining, by the computing system, the image data acquiredby the selected satellite via the first communication pathway.
 20. Oneor more tangible, non-transitory, computer readable media thatcollectively store instructions that when executed by the one or moreprocessors cause the computing system to perform operations comprising:obtaining a request for image data, wherein the request is associatedwith a priority for acquiring the image data; determining anavailability of a plurality of satellites to acquire the image databased at least in part on the request; determining a selected satellitefrom the plurality of satellites to acquire the image data based atleast in part on the availability of the selected satellite; determininga selected communication pathway of a plurality of communicationpathways to transmit an image acquisition command to the selectedsatellite based at least in part on the priority for acquiring the imagedata, wherein the plurality of communication pathways comprises and acommunication pathway via which the image acquisition command isindirectly communicated to the satellite via a geostationary satellite,wherein the communication pathway via which the image acquisitioncommand is indirectly communicated to the satellite via thegeostationary satellite is the selected communication pathway when thepriority for acquiring the image data is indicative of a high priorityand wherein a communication pathway via which the image acquisitioncommand is directly communicated to the satellite is the selectedcommunication pathway when the priority for acquiring the image data isnot indicative of a high priority; and sending the image acquisitioncommand to the selected satellite via the selected communicationpathway.